CÉZANNE site /non site at Museo Thyssen‐Bornemisza
The Museo Thyssen is presenting the first retrospective on Cézanne to be held in Spain in thirty years, following the one at the MEAC in 1984. The exhibition includes 58 works:
49 oils and 9 watercolours lent by museums and private collections around the world (including the USA, Australia and Japan), many not previously seen in Spain. They will be shown alongside nine works by artists such as Pissarro, Gauguin, Bernard, Derain, Braque, Dufy and Lhote.
Born in Aix‐en‐Provence, Paul Cézanne (1839‐1906) was the son of a wealthy hat manufacturer and later banker of whom Cézanne would say, with some irony: “My father was a man of genius; he left me an income of 25,000 francs.” Cézanne was a fellow school
pupil of the future writer Émile Zola, with whom he maintained a close and complex
friendship for many years. Although Cézanne followed his father’s wishes and embarked on
studying law, he soon moved to Paris to follow his true vocation of painting. There he made
friends with Pissarro, ten years his senior, who would be the closest to a teacher that he had.
He also met Manet and took part in the Impressionists’ informal debates at the Café
Guerbois.
Every year from 1863 onwards Cézanne sent his paintings to the official Salon but they were
never accepted. In 1874 he took part in the first Impressionist exhibition but would
subsequently only exhibit with them once, in 1877. Critics considered him the clumsiest and
most eccentric of the group. The negative words employed to describe his painting – brutal,
coarse, infantile, primitive – would eventually become terms of praise for the originality of
his work.
While hisfellow painters, led by Monet and Renoir, would enjoy increasing success, Cézanne,
who had abandoned the capital for Aix, would continue to be ignored until 1895. Between
November and December of that year his first solo exhibition of around 150 works at
Ambroise Vollard’s gallery earned him the respect and admiration of his colleagues and made
him a key reference point for young painters. By the time of his death ten years later Cézanne
was acknowledged as a key figure in modern art.
The predominant genre in Cézanne’s work is landscape, which accounts for half his total
output and which he, like his Impressionist colleagues, identified with the practice of
outdoor painting. In contrast to the Impressionists, however, Cézanne also conceded a crucial
importance to a genre characteristic of the studio, namely the still life. Throughout his career
he produced both landscapes and still lifes, which respectively represent direct contact with
nature and the laboratory of composition. The subtitle of this exhibition, site/non‐site,
derived from the artist and theoretician Robert Smithson, refers to this dialectic between
exterior and interior, between outdoor painting and studio work